Potosi and much of Upper Peru remained divided into ethnic factions well into the seventeenth century

Whereas other parts of Spanish America witnessed a tendency towards homogenization of white, peninsular Spaniards (peninsulares), who sometimes clashed with native-born and mixed Spaniards (criollos), Potosi and much of Upper Peru remained divided into ethnic factions well into the seventeenth century.

K. Lane, Potosi (2019), 112