Planners in general, he said, are "socialists," "revolutionaries" who "do not reach the masses directly but through familiar subsurface activity"

Moses applied these labels generously, branding them not only onto labor leaders ("radical, left-wing") and New Deal Brain Trusters (Rexford Tugwell he assailed as a "Planning Red") and urban planners who dared to offer suggestions for the future of New York City ("regarded in Russia as our greatest builder," was how he characterised Frank Lloyd Wright; he called Lewis Mumford "an outspoken revolutionary"; Walter Gropius, he said, was seeking to change the American system by advocating "a philosophy which doesn't belong here"; planners in general, he said, are "socialists," "revolutionaries" who "do not reach the masses directly but through familiar subsurface activity ....) but onto youthful city officials who dared to stand up to him and who had, his bloodhounds discovered once allowed enthusiasm and naïveté to lead them into membership in some organization that they later learned was a Communist front.

R. Caro, The power broker (1974), 471