The first European heretics ever to be burned alive were executed by his order and in his presence

Educated in the liberal arts by Gerbert at his mother’s direction, he knew Scripture and canon law so well that he presided over Church councils and passed judgement alongside the bishops. The first European heretics ever to be burned alive were executed by his order and in his presence. Robert was also twice divorced, constantly at war, and once tried to burn down a monastery because it was in his way. His heart was tender and his disposition kindly, but the times were less hospitable to lovers than to fighters.

J. Firnhaber-Baker, House of Lilies: The Dynasty that Made Medieval France (2024), loc.899