Politicians and commentators pushed three lines of attack against the immigrant Jews in France

Politicians and commentators pushed three lines of attack against the immigrant Jews in France: that they were taking jobs from the French, that they were Bolshevik revolutionaries determined to destroy France, and that they were diseased criminals.

H. Freeman, House of Glass: The story and secrets of a twentieth-century Jewish family (2020), 80

But Emperor Franz Joseph I had a fondness for the Jewish religion

But Emperor Franz Joseph I had a fondness for the Jewish religion, and under his rule, Austro-Hungarian Jews emerged from the ghettos and became part of society as the emperor gave Jews equal rights, and financed Jewish institutions. This is why there seems to have been such a flourishing of Jewish productivity in the Austro-Hungarian Empire between 1848 and 1916, from such people as Theodor Herzl, Stefan Zweig and Sigmund Freud: it’s not that this generation of Jews was uniquely talented compared with previous ones, it’s that they were granted a then unique amount of freedom.

H. Freeman, House of Glass: The story and secrets of a twentieth-century Jewish family (2020), 21