Every sixth Jew who died in the Holocaust—altogether close to a million people—came from Ukraine

Every sixth Jew who died in the Holocaust—altogether close to a million people—came from Ukraine. By far the best-known massacre, with the greatest number of victims, took place in Babi Yar (in Ukrainian, Babyn Yar, or Old Woman’s Ravine) on the outskirts of Kyiv. There, in the course of two days, the automatic fire of Sonderkommando 4a of Einsatzgruppe C, assisted by the German and local police, killed 33,761 Jewish citizens of Kyiv.

S. Plokhy, Gates of Europe (2025), loc. 4,608

None of the groups got what it wanted

The Catholic rebels wanted a Catholic state without Russian interference, while the Orthodox wanted a Cossack state under the jurisdiction of Russia. The Jews wanted to be left alone. None of the groups got what it wanted.

S. Plokhy, Gates of Europe (2025), loc. 2,423, describing the Eighteenth century in Ukraine and the partition of Poland.